My World of Antiques Collectibles

Empire State Building

History
Empire State Building
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
U.S. National Historic Landmark
NYC Landmark
You are here:
350 Fifth Avenue
New York, New York 10118
United States
Contact:
404,454.36 735,908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333,-73.9856556Coordinates: 404454.36 735908.36 / 40.7484333N 73.9856556W / 40.7484333, -73.9856556
Architect:
Shreve, Lamb and Harmon
Style Architecture (s):
Art Deco
Added to NRHP:
November 17, 1982
Designated NHL
June 24, 1986
Designated NYCL:
May 19, 1981
NRHP Reference #:
82001192
The site of the Empire State Building was conceived as the farm of John Thomson in the end the 18th century. At the time, a stream running through the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located a block away. From the end of 19th century the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria, attended by the Four Hundred, the social elite of New York.
Design and construction
The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb of the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the construction drawings in just two weeks, using its previous models for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by the architectural firm WW Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Each year the staff of the Empire State Building sent a birthday card for fathers for staff in the construction of Reynolds in Winston-Salem to honor his role as the predecessor of the Empire State Building. Building has been designed from the top down. The general contractors were Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project has been funded primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. Bridge. The construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former governor of New York and James Farley's Builders Supply General Corporation has provided construction materials. John W. Bowser has been superintendent of the construction project.
A worker bolts beams during Building, the Chrysler Building is visible in the background.
Site excavation began January 22, 1930, and construction on the building itself started symbolically on March 17t.Patrick influence Dayer Al Smith as the Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official accounts, five workers died during construction. grandchildren Governor Smith cut the ribbon on May 1, 1931. Lewis Hine photograph of the construction provides not only valuable material for the construction, but also an overview of common daily life of workers at that time. In particular the picture of a Worker Climbing a guy is emblematic of the era and the building itself.
The construction was part of a competition intense in New York for the title of "The tallest building in the world." Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. Each holds the title for less than a year, as the Empire State Building surpassed upon completion, just 410 days after construction began. The building was officially opened May 1, 1931 dramatically when U.S. President Herbert Hoover turned on the lights of the building with the push of a button in Washington, DC Ironically, the first use light tower atop the Empire State Building, the following year, was intended to signal the victory of Franklin D. Hoover to Roosevelt on the election November 1932 presidential election.
Opening
The opening of the building coincided with the Great Depression in the United States, and consequently a large part of its office space was leased without. vacancy of the building has been exacerbated by his poor Located on 34th Street, he has relatively far from public transportation, like Grand Central Terminal, the Port Authority Bus Terminal and Penn Station is located a few blocks. Other skyscrapers more successful as the Chrysler Building, not the problem. In its first year of operation, the observation deck took about two million dollars as much money as its owners made in rent this year. The lack of tenants has led New Yorkers make fun of building construction as the "Empty State". The building would not become profitable until 1950. The famous 1951 sale of the Empire State Building to Roger L. Stevens and his business partners has negotiated by prominent upper Manhattan real estate firm Charles F. Noyes & Company for a record 51 million dollars. At the time, was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in the history of real estate.
Airship (airship) terminal
this landmark Art Deco building tower was originally designed as a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. The ground 102nd was a landing platform with a bridge airship. A particular elevator, traveling between the 86th and 102nd floors, was supposed carry passengers after pointing to the observation post on the floor 86th. However, the idea proved impractical and dangerous after a few attempts with airships, due to the powerful updrafts caused by the size of the building itself. A broadcast tower was wide added to the top of the spire in 1953.
1945 plane crash
Main article: B-25 Empire State Building Crash
Crash of the U.S. Army B-25 bomber on July 28, 1945
At 9:40 Amon Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell, piloted in thick fog by Lieutenant-Colonel William Franklin Smith, Jr., crashed on the north side of the Empire State Building, between 79th and 80th floors, where offices of the Assembly National Catholic Welfare Council were located. One engine shot through the side opposite the impact and flew to the extent that the next block where he landed on the roof of a nearby building, a fire that destroyed a penthouse. The other engine and part of the landing gear fell into an elevator shaft. The fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people were killed in the incident. elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a plunge 75 stories inside an elevator, which is still the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall recorded. Despite damage and loss of life, the building was open for business on many floors the following Monday. The incident helped spur the adoption Long Wait Federal tort Claims Act of 1946, and the insertion of retroactivity provisions in the law, allowing people to sue the government for the accident.
A year later, another plane had a meeting with the skyscrapers. He narrowly missed striking the building.
Height records and comparisons
Comparison of high buildings in New York
The Empire State Building remained the tallest structure in human in the world for 23 years before it is overtaken by Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the tallest structure Freestanding the world for 36 years before it is overtaken by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
Most of the world's longest held by the Empire State Building was the largest skyscrapers (at the height of structure), which it held for 42 years until surpassed by the tower north of the World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in 2001 September 11, attacks, the Empire State Building is again the tallest building in New York and the second-tallest building in the Americas, now exceeded only by the Willis Tower in Chicago. When measured by the height pinnacle, the Empire State Building is currently the third-tallest building in the Americas, exceeded only by the Trump Tower and Willis International Hotel and Tower.
1 World Trade Center, currently under construction in New York, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building end. The Chicago Spire would also exceed the height of the Empire State Building to completion, but construction was halted due financial problems.
Suicides
Over the years, more than thirty people have committed suicide from the top of the building. The first suicide was product even before its completion, by a worker who was laid off. The fence around the observatory terrace was put up in 1947 after five people tried to jump over a period of three weeks. On December 2, 1979, Adams went Elvita speech 86th, should be suppressed on 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings
Major Article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting
On February 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunman shot seven people on the observation deck, killing one, then fatally injured.
Architecture
The Empire State Building (in the center image) is the tallest building in New York City
View street level of the Empire State Building
The Empire State Building rises 1250 ft (381 m) on the ground 102nd, including the FT 203 (62 m) Pinnacle reaches its height in 1453 ft8916 (443.09 m). The building has 85 floors of space Commercial and offices representing 2,158,000 square meters (200,500 m2). It has an observation deck outside and inside the ground 86th. The remaining 16 floors represent the Art Deco tower, which is capped by an observatory 102nd floor. At the top of the tower is the TF 203 (62 m) Pinnacle, much of which is covered by broadcast antennas, with a lightning rod on top.
The Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors. He 6500 windows and 73 elevators, and there are 1860 steps from street level to the 103rd floor. It has a total area of 2,768,591 square meters (257,211 m2), the base of the Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8094 m2). The building of 1,000 companies, and has its own zip code, 10118. In 2007, approximately 21,000 employees working in the building every day, making the Empire State Building the second single office complex in America, after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are located in a central core, today, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, including service elevators. It takes less than one minute by elevator to the 86th floor, where an observation deck is located. The building has 70 mi (113 km) of pipes, 2.5 million m (760,000 m) of wire, and about 9,000 taps. [Citation needed] It is heated by steam at low pressure; Despite its height, the building only requires between 2 and 3 psi (14 and 21 kPa) pressure steam for heating. It weighs about 370,000 tons (340,000 t). The exterior of the building was built using Indiana limestone panels.
The Empire State Building cost $ 40,948,900 for construction.
A series of setbacks the building causes cone with height.
Unlike most skyscrapers of today, Empire State Building has an art deco design, typical of pre-World War II, architecture in New York. The modernist steel canopies steel inputs on the 33rd and 34th streets lead to two stories high corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass-enclosed bridges at the second floor. The elevator core contains 67 elevators.
The lobby is three floors and has an aluminum relief of the skyscraper, without the antenna, which has not been added to the arrow until 1952. The northern corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy and Rene Sparkia Nemorov in 1963, representing the building as the eighth wonder of the world, alongside the traditional seven.
Long term forecast life cycle of the structure has been implemented in the design phase to ensure that the future intended uses of the building have not been limited by the requirements of previous generations. This is particularly evident in the current design of electrical system building.
Projectors
Empire State Building with red and green lights for Christmas, as we see GE Building
Empire State Building with a white light normal, as seen from New Jersey
In 1964, the headlamps were added to illuminate the top of the building at night, in the colors chosen for correspond to seasonal events and others, like St. Patrick's Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and the death of Frank Sinatra, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the singer's nickname "Ol Blue Eyes". After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building was in total darkness for 15 minutes.
Projectors the building bathed in red, white and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then returns to the standard. Traditionally, in addition to the hourly standard, the building will be lit in the colors of sports teams in New York on the nights they have home games (orange, blue and white for the New York Knicks, red, white and blue for the New York Rangers, and so on). The first weekend in June is the building bathed in green light for the Belmont Stakes place near Belmont Park. The building is illuminated in yellow tennis ball at the U.S. Open tennis tournament in late August and early September. It was twice lit in red to support the Rutgers University nearby: once for a football game against the University of Louisville on November 9th 2006, and again April 3, 2007, when the women's basketball team played in the national championship.
In 1995 the building was illuminated blue, red, green and yellow for the release of Microsoft's Windows 95 operating system, which was launched with a campaign of 300 million dollars.
The building has also been known to be lit in purple and white in honor of graduates of the New York University.
Each year in September, the building is lit in black, red, and yellow, with the lights top it all (for black) to celebrate German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.
The building was lit green for three days in honor of the Islamic Conference Eid ul-Fitr in October 2007. The lighting, the first for a Muslim holiday, is intended to become an annual event and was repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007, the building was lit yellow to signify the home video release of The Simpsons Movie.
From April 2527, 2008, the building was lit in lavender, pink and white in honor of the international pop diva Mariah Carey's achievements in the world music and the release of his eleventh studio album E = MC2. [Citation needed]
In late October 2008, the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the musical Wicked by Stephen Schwartz and Kerry Ellis.
From 2008, the building as well as New York and many Other cities around the world participated in Earth Hour. The skyscraper spotlights were turned off for exactly one hour to save energy.
In September 2009, the building was lit for a night in orange, in celebration of the exploration of the island Manhattan by Hudson 400 years earlier. The Dutch Prince Willem-Alexander van Oranje and Princess Maxima attended and lit the lamps of the hall.
In 2009, the building was lit for a night on the red and yellow colors of the communist People's Republic of China to celebrate the 60 years since its founding, amid controversy.
Observation Deck
The Empire State Building Observatory is one of the most popular open air in the world, having been visited by more than 110 million people. The 86th floor observation deck offers a stunning 360 degrees city. There is a second floor observation deck of the 102nd is opened to the public. It was closed in 1999 but reopened in November 2005. It is completely closed and much smaller than the first, it may be closed for days with heavy traffic. Tourists can pay to visit the observation deck on 86th floor and additional amount of the 102nd floor. The lines to enter the observation deck, according to the website of the building, are "as legendary the building itself: "There are five of them: the sidewalk line, the line elevator lobby, the line of ticket purchase, the second lift line and the line down the elevator on the observation deck. For an additional tourists can go to the front line.
The observation deck skyscraper is host to several film, television, and literary classics, including An Affair to Remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In Latin America, Empire of Dreams literary work by Giannina Braschi observation deck is the site of a revolution pastoral shepherds recapture the city of New York. The bridge was also the site of a Martian invasion on an old episode of I Love Lucy.
A panoramic view of the city of New York from the 86th floor observation deck of the Empire State Building, Spring 2005
New York Skyride
View Macy's
The Empire State Building also has a motion simulator attraction, located on 2nd floor. Opened in 1994 as a complement to the observation deck, the New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a mock tower air over the city. The theatrical hard approximately 25 minutes.
Since its opening, the ride has had two incarnations. The original version, which lasted from 1994 until about 2002, with James Doohan, Scotty from Star Trek as pilot of the aircraft, which humorously tried to keep the flight under control during a storm, with the tour taking an unexpected route in the subway, Coney Island, and FAO Schwartz, among others. After Sept. 11, however, the tower was closed, and a version update started in mid-2002 with the actor Kevin Bacon as the pilot. The new version of the story trying to make the attraction more education, and have few minor post-9/11 patriotic connotations with images retrospective of the World Trade Center. The new flight will also be messy, but this segment is much shorter in the original.
Broadcast Stations
New York City is the largest media market in the United States. Since 2001 September 11, attacks, almost all stations of the city of commercial broadcasting (both television and FM radio) have transmitted from the top of the Empire State Building, although some FM stations are located close to the construction of Conde Nast. Most New York City AM stations broadcast from just over the Hudson River New Jersey.
Communications devices for broadcast stations is located atop the Empire State Building.
Broadcasting began at Empire on December 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna built the top of the tower. They rented the ground-85th and he built a laboratory, 1934CA andn was joined by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a cooperative venture to test his FM antenna system of empire. When Armstrong and RCA dropped in 1935 and his FM equipment was removed, the word became the 85th house new operations RCA Television York, first as an experimental station W2XBS channel, which became later (July 1, 1941) WNBT commercial station, Channel 1 (now WNBC-TV channel 4). FM station (NBC WEAF-FM, now WQHT) began broadcasting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of the top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken, based on consumer complaints that a common situation was necessary for the stations (now) seven new York television to convey so that receiving antennas do not have to be constantly adjusted. The construction of a giant tower began. other television broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, on the 83rd, 82nd and 81st floors, frequently bringing sister FM stations as well as for the ride. Multiple transmissions of TV and FM have started from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennas were built ring the 103rd floor area of observation. When the World Trade Center was under construction, it caused serious problems for television stations, most of which is then passed to the World Trade Center once it was completed. This allowed renovate the structure of the antenna and transmitter facilities for the benefit of the FM stations remaining there, who were soon joined by FMS and other television UHF traveling in other countries in the metropolitan area. The destruction of the World Trade Center took a lot of mixing of antennas and a transmitter rooms to accommodate stations backing uptown.
From 2009, the Empire State Building houses the following stations:
TV: WCBS-TV 2 WNBC-TV 4, WNYW 5, WABC-TV 7, WWOR-TV 9 Secaucus, WPIX-TV 11, WNET 13 Newark, WNYE-TV 25, TV WPXN 31, 41 WXTV Paterson, WNJU 47 Linden, and WFUT-TV 68 Newark
FM: 92.3 WXRK, WPAT-FM 93.1 Paterson, WNYC-FM 93.9, WPLJ 95.5, 96.3 WXNY, WQHT-FM 97.1, WSKQ-FM 97.9, WRKS-FM 98.7, WBAI 99.5, 100.3 WHTZ Newark , WCBS-FM 101.1, 101.9 WRXP, WWFS 102.7, 103.5 WKTU Lake Success, WAXQ 104.3, 105.1 WWPR-FM, WQXR-FM 105.9 Newark, WLTW 106.7, 107.5 and WBLS
Empire State Building Run-Up
The Empire State Building Run-Up is a foot race from ground level to the 86th floor observation deck, which is held every year since 1978. Its participants are referred to both as runners and climbers, and are often running around enthusiasts. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 feet (320 m) in 1576 and takes action. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, made by Australian Paul Crake professional cyclist in 2003 at a rate of climb of 6593 ft (2010 m) per hour.
In popular culture
Film
Perhaps the representation of popular culture's most famous building is in the movie King Kong in 1933, in which the title character, a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors, but falls to his death. In 1983, for the 50th anniversary of the movie, inflatable King Kong was placed on the actual construction. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in the years 1930 New York City, including a final showdown between Kong and the bi-planes atop a very detailed Empire State Building. (The 1976 remake of King Kong was created in a contemporary New York City and held its climactic scene on the World Trade Center.)
Romantic drama 1939 film Love Affair implies Couple planning to meet at the top of the Empire State Building, an appointment that can be avoided by an automobile accident. The film was redone in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) and 1994 (although Love Affair). The 1993 movie Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy partly inspired by An Affair to Remember, culminating with a scene at the observatory of the Empire State.
Andy Warhol's 1964 silent film Empire is one continuous eight-hour plan Empire State Building at night, shot in black and white. In 2004, the National Film Registry deemed its cultural significance worthy of preservation in the Library of Congress.
The movie Independence Day features the Empire State Building, ground zero for an alien attack, she is devastated by armed foreigners primary burning more than New York.
Many other films that have the Empire State Building are listed the website for the building.
Television
The Empire State Building featured in the Doctor Who 1966 The Chase, in which the TARDIS lands on the roof of the building, the Doctor and his companions leave fairly rapidly, however, as the Daleks are behind them. A Dalek is also seen on the roof of the building when she asks a man. In 2007, episodes of Doctor Who "Daleks in Manhattan" and "Evolution of the Daleks" also included construction, which are the Daleks building to use as a lightning rod. Russell T Davies said in an article that "in spirit", the Daleks recall construction of their last visit.
The Discovery Channel show MythBusters tested the urban legend that claims that if you create a penny on top Empire State Building, it could kill someone or put a crater in the pavement. The result was that, when the penny hits the ground, going about 65 mph (105 km / h) (terminal velocity for an object's weight and shape), which is not fast enough to inflict fatal injuries or put a crater in the pavement. The urban legend is a joke in the musical Avenue Q 2003, when a character looks at the top of the building for an appointment throws a penny on the sidenly hitting her rival.
Literature
HG Wells 1933 science fiction book The Shape of Things to Come, written in the form of a history book published in the distant future, contains the following passage: "Until recently, New York Lower was the oldest city in the world, unique in its antiquity dark. The last of the ancient skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, is still being demolished in 2106 CE! .
In the novel Science-Fiction The Rebel Rhada Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), takes place in a galactic empire rotted from the distant future, New York is an ancient town was destroyed and rebuilt many times. The highest and oldest building, covered with ruins piled up half of its height is known simply as "The Tower of the Empire", but it is clearly the Empire State Building.
David Macaulay's 1980 book Unbuilding shown represents the Empire State Building was purchased by a billionaire in the Middle East and dismantled piece by piece, to be transported to country of origin and reconstructed it.
The Empire State Building is featured prominently both as a framework and a field device in a large part Michael Chabon 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.
In the series Percy Jackson book, Mount Olympus is located the Empire State Building, and it is a special elevator in the building upstairs "600e, which is supposed to be Olympus.
Renters
Notable tenants of the building include:
Alitalia, Office 3700
Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003
Filipino Reporter, Suite 601
Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor
Polish Cultural Institute in New York, Suite 4621
Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118
TAROM Suite 1410
The King's College, Suite 1500
Former tenants include:
China National Tourist Office (now located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
From the National Film Board of Canada (now located at 1123 Broadway)
Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery
A view of the rise of the Empire State Building Broadway
The top of the Empire State Building
Looking up
Looking Down
Looking towards Times Square
Art Deco elevators in the lobby
Panoramic view of Midtown Manhattan from the observation deck
The Empire State Building in yellow and red lights during the 60th anniversary the People's Republic of China
See Also
New York portal
World's tallest freestanding structure on land
History of tallest skyscrapers
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings by U.S. state
References
Notes
Ab ^ The Empire State Building is located in the zip code 10001, 10118, but is designated as the owner of the building postcode. USPS Source:.
^ National Geodetic Survey KU3602 datasheet, Retrieved 7/26/2009
AB ^ Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building. Kenneth T. Jackson. Encyclopedia the City of New York. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press and Society New York Historical. pp. 375,376.
^ ESBNYC.com
^ Pollak Michael (April 23, 2006). "75:" FYI. The New York Times. Http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&scp=4&sq = "Empire State Building" height = 1454 & st CST. Retrieved 31/10/2009.
^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, the source antenna height: CTBUH, height floor Source: Empire State Building Company LLC
Ab ^ Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Empire State Building Trivia and Facts Cool. About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved 08/11/2008.
Ab ^ White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot AIA Guide New York City, 4th edition, New York Chapter American Institute of Architects; Crown Publishers. 2000. p. 226.
^ ab "Empire State Building. Historical National Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 11/09/2007. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.
^ Carolyn Pitts (26 April 1985). "Empire State Building" (PDF). National Historic Landmark nomination. National Park Service. Http: / / pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.
^ "Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978." (PDF). National Register of inventory locations historical. National Park Service. 26/04/1985. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.
^ W & H Properties Empire State Building
Skyscraper ^ Becoming more environmentally friendly in the hope of Lure Tenants
^ "National Information System Register". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
^ Reynolds Construction. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
^ Skyscrapers Cincinnati Waymarketing.com
^ "Thirteen months to Go, Geraldine B. Wagner, 2003, Quintet Publishing Ltd., pg. 32
^
^
^
^ About.com Empire State Building and Facts Trivia Cool
^ "Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Collection Library of Photography) "
^ "Icarus at the top of the Empire State, Lewis Hine, New York Public Library Photography Collection"
Tower Lights History Retrieved ^ 16/12/2007
^ NYT Travel: the Empire State Building
^ A "market for tenants London. "August 18, 2008.
^ Ew York: A Documentary Film.
^ Ab Shanor, Rebecca Read (1995). "Unrealized projects". Jackson T. Kenneth. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press and Society New York Historical. pp. 12081209.
^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). Book Empire State Building. New York: St. Martin's Press. P. 44.
^ "750th Squadron, 457th Bomber Group: Agents of 1943 to 1945 ". http://www.457thbombgroup.org/New/750thSquad.html. Retrieved 6/4/2009.
^ "Empire State Building has survived the Airplane Impact "
^ "Plane Hits Building woman survives 75-Story Fall"
guinnessworldrecords.com ^
^ "The Day Bomber Hit The Empire State Building. National Public Radio. Http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved 28/07/2008. "Eight months after the crash, the U.S. government offered money to families of victims. Some accepted, but others who sued resulted in landmark legislation. The Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, for the first time, gave American citizens the right to sue the federal government. "
^ Glanz, James and Eric Lipton (8/9/2002). "The height of Ambition". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.
iht.com ^
Compass American Guides ^: Manhattan, 4th edition. Reavill, Gil and Zimmerman, John P. 160.
^ George H. Douglas, Skyscraper, P. 173
^ Empire State Building New York.com: Suicides Empire State Building
^ Geoffrey Broughton, phrases, P. 32
^ The book Empire State Building, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin's Press, 1980, p.63
^ Empire State Building: Official Website
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State Glow in the dark. " The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.
thevillager.com ^
^ ab Empire State Building lighting schedule
^ espn.com
Washington Post ^
^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim Holiday
Empire State ^ adorns yellow to celebrate The Simpsons Movie
^ Http: / / www.broadway.com/Empire-State-Building-Goes-Green-for-Wicked-Birthday-Final-Yellow-Brick-Road-Cast-Announced/broadway_news/5013909
AB ^ https: / / www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567
^ "Ten things not to do in New York"
NYRR Empire State Building Run ^-Up Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions, New York Road Runners
Empire State Building ^ Past winners
www.esbnyc.com ^
^ Http: / / gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html
^ Abcdefgh "Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue. Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
^ "FAQ". Alitalia (U.S. site). Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "Claims and suggestions." Alitalia (U.S. site). Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ Homepage. Croatian National Tourist Board. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact". Filipino Reporter. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact". Human Rights Watch. Accessed September 4, 2008.
Home ^. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ Information Office of Tourism in Senegal. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "Travel Agencies Ticket aircraft for Romania. "Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "The King's College. http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved 01/11/2008.
^ "Contact Us." Tourist Office of China National. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact Us". National Film Board of Canada. Accessed September 4, 2008.
^ In response to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden on the site of his ex-wife
Further reading
Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: Construction of the impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.
Bascombe, Neal. (2003). Superior: an historic race for the sky and the realization of a city. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.
Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). Book Empire State Building. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.
Kingwell, Mark. (2006). Closest thing to paradise: The Empire State Building and American dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.
Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.
Tauranac, John. (1995). The Empire State Building: The Making of a landmark. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen months of Go: The Creation Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.
Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). Empire State Building. New York: WW Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.
External links
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Empire State Building Official Site
Commercial Construction.com
Lighting Schedule
Empire State Building Green Renovation
Anecdote Empire State Building
Empire State Building Information
The construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library
VIVA2, online archive Museum of skyscrapers over 500 photographs of the construction of the Empire State Building.
NYC Insider Guide, the Empire State Building versus Top of the Rock compared views.
Empire State Building Structurae
Archives
Preceded by
Chrysler Building
the world's tallest structure
1931 1954
Succeeded
KWTV Mast
tallest freestanding structure on land in the world
1931 1967
Succeeded
Ostankino Tower
more tallest building in the world
1931 1972
Succeeded
World Trade Center
tallest building in the U.S.
1931 1972
Tallest building in New York
1931 1972
Preceded by
World Trade Center
Tallest building in New York
2001 Present
Holder

Other Articles and topics related to the Empire State Building
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Supertall skyscrapers

Current
North America
AT & Aon T Corporate Center Bank Center Plaza Bank of America Tower American Chrysler Building Empire State Building, First Canadian Place JPMorgan Chase John Hancock Center Tower The New York Times Building in Chicago Trump Tower Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Tower Willis
Asia
Baiyoke Tower II Bank Tower The China World Trade Center Central Plaza Tower III Building CITIC Plaza Center China International Center for Finance Jin Mao Tower Minsheng Bank Menara Telekom Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Twin Towers Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Plaza Shun Hing Square Taipei 101 Tuntex Sky Tower
Europe
City Capitals
Australia
Eureka Tower Q1
Middle East
Burj Al Khalifa Almas Tower Burj Arab Emirates Emirates Office Towers Downtown Kingdom Hotel Rose Tower The Address Downtown Burj Dubai

Construction
North America
1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street
South America
Gran Torre Costanera
Asia
151 Incheon Tower Busan Lotte World Finance Goldin 117 Merkaz Dalian Eton Digital Media City Building Landmark East Gate Pacific Business Center East Plaza International Building Gezhouba global financial Gramercy Residences Grand International Mansion (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center Hanging village of Huaxi 66 Forum Tour Keangnam India International Trade Centre Tower of Hanoi Tower of Finance Landmark Plaza Kingkey Leatop Nanjing Greenland Financial Center North Asia Trade Tower Parc1 Tour A tour of the Pearl River Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai Sino-Tower Steel Tower International Trade Centre Tower Tianjin Tianjin Wenzhou World Trade Center that we zenith, the dock Times Square Plaza White Magnolia MahaNakhon
Europe
City Hall and City Duma Mercury City Tower Shard London Bridge
Middle East
Abraj Al Bait 23 Marina Towers Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Al Quds Endowment Arraya Tower Tower 2 Al Yaqub Bin Manana Twin Towers (Lam Tara) Towers Burj Al Alam project Central Market Heights DAMAC Dubai Pearl Residence Dubai Towers Doha Elite Park Tower Emirates Towers HHHR The Lamar Towers Index Infinity Tower The Landmark Marina 101 Marina Ocean Heights Princess Tower flame Pentominium Sky Tower

Construction suspended
868 Towers Offices and Hotel Center 1 NRD Chicago Spire Dalian Doha International Center for Trade Center Tower Convention Eurasia Faros del Panam Jakarta JW Marriott International Center Tower Finance Lighthouse Tower Plaza Rakyat Skycity Tower Capital Square Hotel Waterview Tower Xiamen Tianlong Posts and Telecommunications Building

Former
World Trade Center
See also List of proposed supertall skyscraper architects building supertall
v, d, e
New York City Historical Sites
NRHP: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Bronx Staten Island NHL: New York
NYC: Bronx Brooklyn Manhattan Queens Staten Island
v, d, e
U.S. National Register Historic Places
Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places types of ownership of the historic district Contributing property
List Topics
National Park Service National Historic Sites National Battlefields National Historic Sites National Historic Monuments National Parks National Monuments
v, d, e
Popular tourist attractions in New York
Times Square (35m) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2) Statue Liberty (4.24 m) American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67 m)
Categories: 1931 | Accidents involving fog Architecture | Art Deco buildings in New York | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) tallest buildings | Old World | National Historic Landmark New York City buildings | Office in New York | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers in New York Skyscraper | more than 350 meters attractions Visitors | New York City buildings | Office of Manhattan categories | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden: Wikipedia: Semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia protected pages without expiry | All articles lacking sources | Articles linked by September 2008 | Articles linked by May 2009 About the Author

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